Aperture is a hole within a lens which light travels through to the camera body. Every camera today is designed like a human eye, the cornea in our eyes is like the front lens of a camera which takes all extra light and bends it and passes it to the iris. Depending on how much light there is the iris can expand or shrink. Aperture is like your eye so the larger the pupil, the more light enters the retina. Aperture adds dimension to photos by blurring out the background and focuses photos. Aperture controls how much light is allowed to pass through the lens for example below the image shows that low aperture focus on how close the lens is to image. As the aperture increases the light is passed through which means the objects far away can be seen through the lens.
The iris of the lens controls the size of the aperture.This is called the diaphragm. the purpose of the diaphragm is to block or stop light but have some light go through the aperture. The f-numbers are known as f-stops. This shows us how open or closed the aperture is. A smaller f-stop means a larger aperture and a larger f-stop means smaller aperture. The size of aperture has a impact on the depth of field. This the area of the image which appears sharp. A large f-number will bring the background objects to focus. However with a smaller f-number will isolate the front and make a blurry background.
Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is also known as exposure time. This means the length of time a camera shutter is exposed to light into the camera sensor. If the shutter speed is fast it will help slow down the photo you are taking so you capture the movement. If the shutter speed is slow it will create a motion blur which means moving objects are blurred because of the direction of motion. Fast shutter speed freezes the movement of an object.
Shutter speed is measured in seconds - or fractions of seconds. The bigger the denominator the faster the speed
To freeze movement in an image you’ll want to choose a faster shutter speed and to let the movement blur you’ll want to choose a slower shutter speed. The actual speeds you choose will depend on the speed of the object in your shot and how much you want it to be blurred.
If you’re using a slow shutter speed you will need to use a tripod- or some some type of image stabilisation.
ISO
ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to use light. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher ISO number increases the sensitivity of your camera. The image sensor is within the camera and it is the most important part of a camera. It is responsible for gathering light and transforming it into an image. With increased sensitivity, your camera sensor can capture images in low-light areas without having to use a flash.
ISO Speed Examples ISO 100 – 1 secondISO 200 – 1/2 of a second ISO 400 – 1/4 of a second ISO 800 – 1/8 of a second ISO 1600 – 1/15 of a second ISO 3200 – 1/30 of a second